The consequences of global warming are well documented: greenhouse gas emissions are driving changes in weather cycles, polluting cities and jeopardising long-term economic growth, as well as threatening countless lives. Climate change is at the top of the global policy agenda; it’s providing the impetus to transition the world towards a low-carbon economy. Financing that transition does not come cheap, however. And mobilising private investment into funding the transformation is key to reaching

Nick Herbert: That’s a very good point. At the end of last year it seemed we had a whole host of sovereigns waiting to launch. You had the Poland and the France deal. Sandrine, why haven’t we seen more sovereign issuance and are we going to get it?   Sandrine Enguehard: We all agree that it won’t be easy to reach the two-degree scenarios and even more difficult without the US - even if we know that there are a lot of initiatives at state level and in the corporate world. Clearly we would like to

Nick Herbert: Welcome to the IFR Green Bonds Roundtable 2017, sponsored by the European Investment Bank (EIB), Luxembourg Stock Exchange and Moody’s Investors Service. In May, we saw an important deal for the market: the first Green bond from a major oil and gas company. The Repsol €500m five-year issue provoked a lot of comment. Proceeds went towards financing energy efficiency investments in its chemical and refinery facilities, yet it failed to make it into the Climate Bond Initiative’s (CBI)

Harald Francke Lund CICERO Harald Francke Lund is a senior climate finance specialist at CICERO, the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo, the global provider of second opinions on green bond frameworks. In 2010, he led the Norwegian contribution to the UNSG’s AGF report on long-term climate finance. He has held the positions of deputy chief negotiator for Norway, head of emissions trading section at the Norwegian Environment Agency, and adviser to the UNSG’s Specia